Pioneering Railroad, Oceanic, and Plane Electrification with 1K Energy Storage Systems (PROPEL-1K)
The overarching goal of the PROPEL-1K program is to advance emission-free, high-energy density, and high-power energy storage solutions to electrify domestic aircraft, railroads, and ships. It cannot be overemphasized that traditional strategies for developing batteries and ESS are not envisaged for this program, especially since they would almost certainly fall far short of achieving the primary goals. Specific program objectives considered to be critical for accomplishing this mission include the following:
1. gravimetric energy density ≥ 1000 Wh/kg;
2. volumetric energy density ≥ 1000 Wh/L;
3. turnaround time ≤ 30 minutes;
4. discharge energy efficiency ≥ 70%;
5. target system size 1 MWh to 100 MWh;
6. system manufacture ≤ 100 kg CO2/kWh; and
7. zero CO2, NOx, SOX emissions during operation of vehicle, vessel, or aircraft
The program will have two categories: A and B. Projects in Category A will target energy storage for electrifying regional flights by achieving greater peak power and continuous power capability with a higher cost base. Projects in Category B will aim for energy storage solutions for railroad and ship transit that require lower peak power and continuous power capability with a reduced levelized cost.